水土流失是指由于自然或人為因素的影響、雨水不能就地消納、順勢下流、沖刷土壤，造成水分和土壤同時流失的現象。主要原因是地面坡度大、土地利用不當、地面植被遭破壞、耕作技術不合理、土質松散、濫伐森林、過度放牧等。
一、產品概述
我們在水保實驗工作中，無論是測量徑流場或小流域水土流失的數據時，都會出現大量的人工工作，測量造成了許多工作上的不方便，我公司FT-LS1型水土流失自動監測儀產品研發成功后，代替了大量的人工工作，經多年實驗和使用效果來看，流量的誤差在3%以內。泥沙含量的誤差5%以內，產品的性能和外觀經長時間的更新，已得到長足的進步。
水土流失自動監測系統主要是由數據采集存儲主控機、含沙量測量傳感器、地表流量傳感器組件、雨量傳感器組成。由雨量傳感器測量降雨強度及其隨時間的變化和總的降雨量與降雨歷時。地表流量傳感器組件自動測量地表流量，通過中心控制計算機軟件及參數設置計算隨時間變化的地表徑流流量，得到徑流流量的實時變化過程。含沙量測量傳感器在系統設計中，根據雨量/徑流變化特征，在徑流垂直分布泥沙測量口，實時測量徑流含沙量。
通過工作管理/數據存儲軟件和主控機控制管理各個傳感器測量得到的泥沙含量、徑流量、降雨量的過程數據并進行數據的存儲，向管理監測中心遠程傳輸測量數據。
二、產品特點
1、全天候無人值守，自動測量存儲：徑流量、徑流含沙含量、輸沙量
2、供電：實時數據自動采集、存儲可斷電工作 7 天
3、水土流失自動監測站工作管理數據采集存儲主控機可本地存儲大量數據，可在現場通過 RS232 接口下載數據；或在有遠程請求時通過無線方式向管理中心傳輸數據
4、太陽能供電，平時無降雨或徑流時常規狀態為省電休眠狀態
5、具有在計算機軟件上在線實時監測、顯示各測量參數動態過程及曲線、歷史數據下載功能
6、可現場在數據管理主控機上自由設置采樣頻率及調校時鐘
7、中心控制計算機軟件可以根據采集到的數據繪制徑流、泥沙含量、降雨量、場次、徑流量、入滲量、水土流失量等
三、傳感器工作說明
1、泥沙含量傳感器工作流程
地表水體由A1進入管道，經A2流出并推動流量傳感器，部分水體從A3排出,處理器C根據流量傳感器得到的流速經過計算得出實時流量，B1采集到地表水體送入稱重傳感器,傳感器D把收集到的數據送給處理器C經處理后得到泥沙含量,得到數據后傳感器D把內部樣品由B2排出為下次采樣做好準備。處理器C通過485或串口輸出外部設備。
2、泥沙含量傳感器功能
（1）可實現同時對多路徑流泥沙含量及流量進行實時連續測量、數據傳輸及數據分析處理；
（2）全天候無人值守，自動測量存儲數據；
（3）工作管理數據采集存儲主控機可本地存儲大量數據，可在現場通過R232接口下載數據；
（4）具有在上位機上在線實時監測，顯示各測量參數動態過程及曲線，歷史數據下載功能；
（5）可現場在數據管理主控機上自由設置采樣頻率及調校時鐘；
（6）穩定性好，傳感器自主研發精度高、穩定性強、抗環境干擾能力強 。
四、技術指標
名 稱 | 技術規格 |
| 流量測量 |
地表流量 | 測量范圍 0.1L/s～99999.99 m/h |
測量誤差 ＜5% |
累計數據4290000000.00 m3 |
徑流流量 | 測量范圍 3～2400mL/s |
相對誤差 ＜3% |
| 含沙量測量 |
測量原理 | 稱重方式 |
采樣間隔 | 1～99分鐘，可調 |
測量精度 | 測量范圍0.5～100 kg/m3，測量誤差＜5% |
測量范圍0.8～200 kg/m3，測量誤差＜8% |
靈 敏 度 | 0.2 kg/m3 |
| 雨量測量 |
測量范圍 | 0～280mm/h |
測量精度 | ±2%（室內靜態測試，雨強為2mm/min） |
| 一般指標 |
通訊方式 | RS485 |
采樣間隔 | 1～10分鐘 |
工作電源 | AC220V DC12V |
設備功率 | ＜5W |
工作溫度 | 0（不結冰）～60℃ |
工作壽命 | ＞8年 |
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