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測(cè)速儀 我有新說法
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測(cè)速儀是用來測(cè)量車輛的行駛速度的儀器。常用的測(cè)速儀有雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀和激光測(cè)速儀兩種。其中，雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀的測(cè)速原理為多普勒效應(yīng)；激光測(cè)速儀的測(cè)速原理為激光測(cè)距。

類型

常用的測(cè)速儀主要分為雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀和激光測(cè)速儀兩種。

雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀

雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀的主要原理是多普勒效應(yīng)（Doppler Effect），即當(dāng)目標(biāo)向雷達(dá)天線靠近時(shí)，反射信號(hào)頻率將高于發(fā)射機(jī)頻率；反之，當(dāng)目標(biāo)遠(yuǎn)離天線而去時(shí)，反射信號(hào)頻率將低于發(fā)射機(jī)頻率。雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀發(fā)射電磁波，碰觸到物體的時(shí)候會(huì)反射回來。當(dāng)觸碰到的物體有朝向或者背向的位移運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，測(cè)速儀發(fā)射與反射回來的電磁波有個(gè)頻率差，通過這個(gè)頻率差從而求得物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度，實(shí)現(xiàn)速度測(cè)量的目的。 現(xiàn)已經(jīng)廣泛用于超速測(cè)試等行業(yè)。雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀有固定式和便攜式兩種。 [1] 

固定式測(cè)速儀

固定式測(cè)速儀是以位置固定不動(dòng)的方式進(jìn)行測(cè)量的測(cè)速儀器。指的是通過將車輛測(cè)速儀固定在桿架、龍門架或者測(cè)速箱的方式進(jìn)行測(cè)速，應(yīng)用于高速公路較多。

便攜式測(cè)速儀

便攜式測(cè)速儀指的是測(cè)速儀可以靈活移動(dòng)測(cè)量，可手持、裝三腳架或者車載的方式進(jìn)行測(cè)速的儀器，因其靈活性應(yīng)用于各行業(yè)的徑向測(cè)速。

兩者的區(qū)別

①功能上的區(qū)別

固定式測(cè)速儀主要是相關(guān)執(zhí)行部門對(duì)車輛進(jìn)行超速罰款用的，該類測(cè)速儀一般都是帶拍照功能的，通過將雷達(dá)與攝像機(jī)結(jié)合，雷達(dá)觸發(fā)攝像機(jī)對(duì)超速車輛進(jìn)行抓拍以便做處罰證據(jù)之用。另外還有類固定式測(cè)速儀（車速提示屏）會(huì)帶個(gè)顯示屏，在路邊放著，會(huì)顯示經(jīng)過車輛的車輛信息及其速度值，是否超速等信息。

便攜式測(cè)速儀功能比較的多樣化，有簡(jiǎn)單測(cè)速型的，比如說純粹的就是為了測(cè)速，只需要知道物體的速度，而不需要做任何記錄或者處罰用的。也有功能齊全一點(diǎn)的，比如帶輸出接口、帶打印、帶抓拍的測(cè)速儀。

②人力資源的占用程度上的區(qū)別

一般的固定式測(cè)速儀都是全天候自動(dòng)測(cè)速系統(tǒng)，無需人員值守操作，可以自動(dòng)測(cè)速、抓拍、上傳等功能，可以大大減少人力資源。而便攜式的無論是手持式還是用的流動(dòng)測(cè)速儀，都需要相關(guān)人員值守操作。

③價(jià)格和應(yīng)用范圍上的區(qū)別

固定式測(cè)速儀因考慮到安裝、調(diào)試、圖片信息上傳聯(lián)網(wǎng)等。同樣配置的固定式測(cè)速儀一般價(jià)格高于便攜式測(cè)速儀，固定式測(cè)速儀一般用于高速公路、國(guó)道、省道等快速又容易出現(xiàn)交通事故的路段較多。而便攜式測(cè)速儀應(yīng)用范圍相對(duì)也更加廣泛，包括一些廠礦、機(jī)場(chǎng)、碼頭等一些大型廠區(qū)，也有移動(dòng)測(cè)速儀。

激光測(cè)速儀

激光測(cè)速儀采用的是激光測(cè)距的原理。激光測(cè)距（即電磁波，其速度為30萬公里/秒），是通過對(duì)被測(cè)物體發(fā)射激光光束，并接收該激光光束的反射波，記錄該時(shí)間差，來確定被測(cè)物體與測(cè)試點(diǎn)的距離。激光測(cè)速儀對(duì)被測(cè)物體進(jìn)行兩次有特定時(shí)間間隔的激光測(cè)距，取得在該一時(shí)段內(nèi)被測(cè)物體的移動(dòng)距離，從而得到該被測(cè)物體的移動(dòng)速度。 [2] 

特點(diǎn)

激光測(cè)速儀具有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

①測(cè)速距離相對(duì)于雷達(dá)測(cè)速有效距離遠(yuǎn)，可測(cè)到1000米的距離；

②測(cè)速精度高，誤差<1000米/時(shí)；

③由于激光測(cè)速靠激光反射測(cè)得，如果被測(cè)車輛距離較遠(yuǎn)，且處于移動(dòng)狀態(tài)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致激光測(cè)速成功率低、難度大；

④只能在靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)下應(yīng)用；

⑤取證能力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于雷達(dá)測(cè)速儀，因此受到廣泛的認(rèn)可和推廣。

針對(duì)激光測(cè)速儀的缺點(diǎn)，出現(xiàn)了激光多普勒測(cè)速儀，它具有非接觸測(cè)量、精度高、測(cè)點(diǎn)小、動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)快、可測(cè)多維速度和判別速度方向等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

應(yīng)用

有一種名為激光測(cè)速取證系統(tǒng)的新型激光測(cè)速儀，該系統(tǒng)包括測(cè)定車輛速度的激光速度探測(cè)器和攝像機(jī)。使用時(shí)，測(cè)速儀對(duì)每一輛駛過的車輛進(jìn)行車速測(cè)試，測(cè)速儀一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)超速行駛車輛，將會(huì)自動(dòng)拍攝違規(guī)車輛的圖像，記錄當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)間及目標(biāo)時(shí)速。它是一種新型交通管理執(zhí)法工具，為治理違章超速行駛提供了可靠的技術(shù)取證手段。

參考資料

參考資料編輯區(qū)域


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