美國(guó)Seracare抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體(CCP)
廣州健侖生物科技有限公司
廣州健侖長(zhǎng)期供應(yīng)各種生物原料，主要代理品牌：美國(guó)Seracare、西班牙Certest、美國(guó)Fuller等等。
主要產(chǎn)品包括各種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品、陽(yáng)性對(duì)照品、單克隆抗原抗體。
其中常見(jiàn)的有：弓形蟲(chóng)病、西尼羅河病毒、類(lèi)風(fēng)濕因子、瘧疾、麻疹、萊姆病、百日咳桿菌、大腸桿菌、鼠傷寒沙門(mén)氏菌、李斯特菌等陽(yáng)性對(duì)照品。
美國(guó)Seracare抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體(CCP)
我司還提供其它進(jìn)口或國(guó)產(chǎn)試劑盒：登革熱、瘧疾、流感、A鏈球菌、合胞病毒、腮病毒、乙腦、寨卡、黃熱病、基孔肯雅熱、克錐蟲(chóng)病、違禁品濫用、肺炎球菌、軍團(tuán)菌、化妝品檢測(cè)、食品安全檢測(cè)等試劑盒以及日本生研細(xì)菌分型診斷血清、德國(guó)SiFin診斷血清、丹麥SSI診斷血清等產(chǎn)品。
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【Seracare產(chǎn)品介紹】
編號(hào) | 英文名稱(chēng) | 中文名稱(chēng) |
JL-FA-01 | Amebiasis (AME) | 阿米巴病 |
JL-FA-02 | Allergens, Rast scores | 過(guò)敏原，放射性過(guò)敏原吸收實(shí)驗(yàn)。指對(duì)特定的人群引起免疫反應(yīng)或者過(guò)敏反應(yīng)的食品中的蛋白質(zhì) |
JL-FA-03 | Allergens, Rast scores negative | 過(guò)敏原，放射性過(guò)敏原吸收實(shí)驗(yàn)陰性 |
JL-FA-04 | Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide Antibody (CCP) Arthritis | 抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體 |
JL-FA-05 | ASCA Saccharomyces Cerevi | 人抗釀酒酵母抗體（ASCA） |
JL-FA-06 | Aspergillis | 麴菌病 |
JL-FA-07 | Beta 2 Glycoprotein | β2糖蛋白 |
JL-FA-08 | Beta 2 Glycoprotein IgM | β2糖蛋白 IGM |
JL-FA-09 | Bordela Pertussis | 百日咳桿菌 |
JL-FA-10 | Bordela Pertussis IgM | 百日咳桿菌 IGM |
JL-FA-11 | C-ANCA | C-抗中性粒細(xì)胞胞漿抗體（ANCA) |
JL-FA-12 | Cardiolipin | 心肌磷脂 |
JL-FA-13 | Cardiolipin IgA | 心肌磷脂 IGA |
JL-FA-14 | Cardiolipin IgG | 心肌磷脂 IGG |
JL-FA-15 | Cardiolipin IgM | 心肌磷脂 IGM |
JL-FA-16 | Cerebral Spinal Fluid | 腦脊髓液 |
JL-FA-17 | Chagas | 恰加斯病/南美錐蟲(chóng) |
JL-FA-18 | Chlamydia | 衣原體 |
JL-FA-19 | Chlamydia IgA | 衣原體IGA |
JL-FA-20 | Chlamydia IgG | 衣原體IGG |
JL-FA-21 | Chlamydia IgM | 衣原體IGM |
JL-FA-22 | Chlamydia Neg | 衣原體陰性 |
JL-FA-23 | Clotting Factor C3 | 凝固因子C3 |
JL-FA-24 | Clotting Factor C4 | 凝固因子C4 |
JL-FA-25 | Coccidiodes | 球孢菌 |
JL-FA-26 | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Neg | 巨細(xì)胞病毒抗體陰性 |
JL-FA-27 | CMV IgG | 巨細(xì)胞病毒 IGG陽(yáng)性 |
JL-FA-28 | CMV IgM VCA | 巨細(xì)胞病毒 IGM 陽(yáng)性 |
JL-FA-29 | C-Reactive Protein (CRP) | C-反應(yīng)蛋白質(zhì) |
JL-FA-30 | Dengue Fever | 登革熱 |
JL-FA-31 | Dengue Fever IgM | 登革熱 IGM |
JL-FA-32 | DS (Double Stranded) DNA | 雙鏈脫氧核糖核酸 |
JL-FA-33 | EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) IgG | EB病毒核抗原 IGG |
JL-FA-34 | EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) IgM | EB病毒核抗原 IGM |
JL-FA-35 | Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Negative Plasma | EB病毒陰性血漿 |
JL-FA-36 | Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) EA IgM | EB病毒早期抗原 IGM |
JL-FA-37 | Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) VCA IgM | EB病毒殼蛋白 IGM |
JL-FA-38 | Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) EA IgG | EB病毒早期抗原 IGG |
JL-FA-39 | EMA (Endomysial Antibodies) | 肌內(nèi)膜 |
JL-FA-40 | Gliadin | 麩蛋白,麥醇溶蛋白,麥膠蛋白 |
JL-FA-41 | Gliadin IgG | 麥醇溶蛋白 IGG |
JL-FA-42 | Gliadin IgA | 麥醇溶蛋白 IGA |
JL-FA-43 | Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBMA) | 腎小球基底膜病 |
JL-FA-44 | Helicobacter pylori IgA | 幽門(mén)螺旋桿菌IGA |
JL-FA-45 | Helicobacter pylori IgG | 幽門(mén)螺旋桿菌IGG |
JL-FA-46 | Helicobacter pylori IgM | 幽門(mén)螺旋桿菌IGM |
JL-FA-47 | Helicobacter pylori Negative | 幽門(mén)螺旋桿菌陰性 |
JL-FA-48 | Helicobacter pylori Positive Plasma | 幽門(mén)螺旋桿菌陰性血漿 |
JL-FA-49 | Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Pos. Plasma | 甲型肝炎病毒陽(yáng)性血漿 |
JL-FA-50 | Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) IgM | 甲型肝炎病毒IGM |
JL-FA-51 | Hepatitis B Core (HBc) IgG | 乙型肝炎病毒核心 IGG |
JL-FA-52 | Hepatitis B Core (HBc) IgM | 乙型肝炎病毒核心 IGM |
JL-FA-53 | Anti Hbe (Antibody to HBV antigen) | 乙肝抗體 |
JL-FA-54 | Hepatitis Delta Virus | 丁型肝炎病毒 |
JL-FA-55 | HBeAg (HBV e antigen) | 乙肝 E抗原 |
JL-FA-56 | anti-HBs (HBV surface antibody) | 乙肝表面抗體 |
JL-FA-57 | Hepatitis B (HBsAg) "Chronic" | 乙型肝炎（乙肝表面抗原）“慢性病 |
JL-FA-58 | HBsAg (HBV surface antigen) Serum | 乙肝表面抗原血清 |
JL-FA-59 | HBsAg (AD) | 乙肝表面抗原（AD） |
JL-FA-60 | HBsAg (AY) | 乙肝表面抗原（AY） |
JL-FA-61 | HBV Positive Plasma | 乙肝陽(yáng)性血漿 |
JL-FA-62 | HBV DNA Plasma | 乙肝DNA血漿 |
JL-FA-63 | HBV DNA Serum | 乙肝DNA血清 |
JL-FA-64 | HBV DNA type A | A型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-65 | HBV DNA type B | B型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-66 | HBV DNA type C | C型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-67 | HBV DNA type D | D型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-68 | HBV DNA type E | E型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-69 | HBV DNA type F | F型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-70 | HBV Antibody HCV Antibody Plasma CO-INFECTED | 乙肝和丙肝聯(lián)合感染血漿 |
JL-FA-71 | HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) Antibody | 丙型肝炎抗體 |
JL-FA-72 | HCV Core Antigen Positive | 丙肝核心抗原 陽(yáng)性 |
JL-FA-73 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 1 | 基因1型丙肝RNA 血漿 |
JL-FA-74 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 2 | 基因2型丙肝RNA 血漿 |
JL-FA-75 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 3 | 基因3型丙肝RNA 血漿 |
JL-FA-76 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 4 | 基因4型丙肝RNA 血漿 |
JL-FA-77 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 5 | 基因5型丙肝RNA 血漿 |
JL-FA-78 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 6 | 基因6型丙肝RNA 血漿 |
JL-FA-79 | HCV Riba single band | 丙肝免疫印跡單波段 |
JL-FA-80 | HCV RIBA Pos. (multiple bands) | 丙肝免疫印跡陽(yáng)性多波段 |
JL-FA-81 | HCV Negative | 丙肝陰性 |
JL-FA-82 | HCV RNA Pos (quantitative) | 丙肝RNA陽(yáng)性（定量） |
JL-FA-83 | Hepatitis E | 戊型肝炎 |
JL-FA-84 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)1/2 Positive Plasma | 單純性皰疹病毒1/2陽(yáng)性血漿 |
JL-FA-85 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 Negative Plasma | 單純性皰疹病毒1 陰性血漿 |
JL-FA-86 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 IgG | 單純性皰疹病毒1 IGG |
JL-FA-87 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV 1) IgM | 單純性皰疹病毒1 IGM |
JL-FA-88 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 2 IgG | 單純性皰疹病毒2 IGG |
JL-FA-89 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 2 IgM | 單純性皰疹病毒2 IGG |
JL-FA-90 | Histone | 組蛋白 |
JL-FA-91 | Human Anti Mouse Ab (HAMA) | 人抗鼠抗體 |
JL-FA-92 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Neg | HIV I 陰性 |
JL-FA-93 | anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Plasma | 抗HIV I 血漿 |
JL-FA-94 | anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Serum | 抗HIV I 血清 |
JL-FA-95 | anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Western Blot Tested | 抗HIV 2 免疫印跡 |
JL-FA-96 | anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1/2 2 HIV (+) | 抗HIV 1/2 2 HIV陽(yáng)性 |
JL-FA-97 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Ag | HIV抗原 |
JL-FA-98 | HIV RNA (quantitative) Plasma | HIV RNA 定量血漿 |
JL-FA-99 | HIV RNA (quantitative) Serum | HIV RNA 定量血清 |
JL-FA-100 | HIV1 Subtype A | HIV1 亞型A |
JL-FA-101 | HIV1 Subtype B | HIV1 亞型B |
JL-FA-102 | HIV1 Subtype C | HIV1 亞型C |
JL-FA-103 | HIV1 Subtype D | HIV1 亞型D |
JL-FA-104 | HIV1 Subtype E | HIV1 亞型E |
JL-FA-105 | HIV1 Subtype F | HIV1 亞型F |
JL-FA-106 | HIV1 Subtype G | HIV1 亞型G |
JL-FA-107 | HIV1 Subtype H | HIV1 亞型H |
JL-FA-108 | HIV1 Subtype J | HIV1 亞型J |
JL-FA-109 | HIV1 Subtype K | HIV1 亞型K |
JL-FA-110 | HIV1 Group O | HIV1 亞型O |
JL-FA-111 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Antibody Plasma | HIV 2 抗體血漿 |
JL-FA-112 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Antibody Serum | HIV 2 抗體血清 |
JL-FA-113 | HPV (Human Papiloma Virus) Negative | 人乳狀瘤病毒HPV陰性 |
JL-FA-114 | HPV (Human Papiloma Virus) Positive | 人乳狀瘤病毒HPV陽(yáng)性 |
JL-FA-115 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Antibody HCV Antibody Plasma COINFECTED | HIV 抗體 HCV |
JL-FA-116 | Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) I/II | 人嗜T淋巴細(xì)胞病毒(HTLV) I/II |
JL-FA-117 | Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) I | 人嗜T淋巴細(xì)胞病毒(HTLV) I |
JL-FA-118 | Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) II | 人嗜T淋巴細(xì)胞病毒(HTLV) II |
JL-FA-119 | Jo-1 | 多發(fā)性肌炎抗原JO-1 |
JL-FA-120 | IgE < 5,000 Ku/L | IgE < 5,000 Ku/L |
JL-FA-121 | Legionella | 軍團(tuán)桿菌屬 |
JL-FA-122 | Leptospira | 軍團(tuán)桿菌屬 |
JL-FA-123 | Lyme Disease | 萊姆(氏)病:蜱傳播的全身性疾病,常在夏季發(fā)生 |
JL-FA-124 | Lyme IgG | 萊姆(氏)病 IGG |
JL-FA-125 | Lyme IgM | 萊姆(氏)病 IGM |
JL-FA-126 | Lyme Disease Neg | 萊姆(氏)病 陰性 |
JL-FA-127 | Malaria | 瘧疾 |
JL-FA-128 | Mononucleosis (infectious) | 單核細(xì)胞增多癥（有傳染性的） |
JL-FA-129 | Mononucleosis Negative | 單核細(xì)胞增多癥陰性 |
JL-FA-130 | Measles Negative | 麻疹 陰性 |
JL-FA-131 | Measles IgG | 麻疹 IGG |
JL-FA-132 | Measles IgM | 麻疹 IGM |
JL-FA-133 | Microsomal Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) Positive Plasma Standard Titer (typically 1,000-3,000 IU/mL) | 微粒體抗甲狀腺過(guò)氧化物酶抗體 |
JL-FA-134 | Microsomal Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) Negative Plasma | 微粒體抗甲狀腺過(guò)氧化物酶抗體 |
JL-FA-135 | Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) | 抗線粒體抗體 |
JL-FA-136 | Multiple Sclerosis | 多發(fā)性硬化癥 |
JL-FA-137 | Mumps IgG | 流行性腮腺炎 IGG |
JL-FA-138 | Mumps Ab IgM | 流行性腮腺炎抗體 IGM |
JL-FA-139 | Mumps Antibody Negative Plasma | 流行性腮腺炎抗體陰性血漿 |
JL-FA-140 | Mumps Antibody Negative Serum | 流行性腮腺炎抗體陰性血清 |
JL-FA-141 | Myeloma Plasma | 骨髓瘤血漿 |
JL-FA-142 | Myeloma IgA | 骨髓瘤IGA |
JL-FA-143 | Myeloma IgE | 骨髓瘤IGE |
JL-FA-144 | Myeloma IgG | 骨髓瘤IGG |
JL-FA-145 | Myeloma IgM | 骨髓瘤IGM |
JL-FA-146 | Mycoplasma | 支原體 |
JL-FA-147 | Mycoplasma Negative | 支原體陰性 |
JL-FA-148 | Mycoplasma IgG | 支原體IGG |
JL-FA-149 | Mycoplasma IgM | 支原體IGM |
JL-FA-150 | Mycoplasma PCR | 支原體PCR |
JL-FA-151 | Normal Human Plasma | 正常人血漿 |
JL-FA-152 | Normal Human Serum | 正常人血清 |
JL-FA-153 | Nuclear Antibody Centromere | 核抗體著絲粒 |
JL-FA-154 | Nuclear Antibody, Speckled ANA | 核抗體，斑點(diǎn)抗核抗體 |
JL-FA-155 | Nuclear Antibody, Nucleolar ANA | 核抗體,核仁抗核抗體 |
JL-FA-156 | Nuclear Antibody, Homogeneous ANA | 核抗體，同質(zhì)抗核抗體 |
JL-FA-157 | Nuclear Antiobody, Speckled. (ANA) Negative | 核抗體，斑點(diǎn)。抗核抗體陰性 |
JL-FA-158 | P-ANCA (associated neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) | 相關(guān)的嗜中性粒細(xì)胞胞漿抗體 |
JL-FA-159 | Parietal Cell Antibody (PCA) | 胃)壁細(xì)胞抗體 |
JL-FA-160 | Parvo positive plasma | 細(xì)小病毒陽(yáng)性血漿 |
JL-FA-161 | Parvo IgM | 細(xì)小病毒 IGM |
JL-FA-162 | Parvo IgG | 細(xì)小病毒 IGG |
JL-FA-163 | Parvo Negative Plasma | 細(xì)小病毒陰性血漿 |
JL-FA-164 | Parvo DNA positive | 細(xì)小病毒 DNA 陽(yáng)性 |
JL-FA-165 | Phospholipid Positive Plasma | 磷脂陽(yáng)性血漿 |
JL-FA-166 | Prothrombin | 凝血酶原,凝血因子 |
JL-FA-167 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) <1000 IU/mL | 類(lèi)風(fēng)濕因子<1000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-168 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 1001-2000 IU/mL | 類(lèi)風(fēng)濕因子1001-2000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-169 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 2001-4000 IU/mL | 類(lèi)風(fēng)濕因子 2001-4000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-170 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 4001-5000 IU/mL | 類(lèi)風(fēng)濕因子 4001-5000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-171 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) >5000 IU/mL | 類(lèi)風(fēng)濕因子>5000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-172 | Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) Positive | 核糖核蛋白陽(yáng)性 |
JL-FA-173 | Rubella Chimeric | 風(fēng)疹 |
JL-FA-174 | Rubella Negative | 風(fēng)疹陰性 |
JL-FA-175 | Rubella IgG | 風(fēng)疹I(lǐng)GG |
JL-FA-176 | Rubella IgM | 風(fēng)疹I(lǐng)GM |
JL-FA-177 | Rubeola Negative Plasma | 風(fēng)疹陰性血漿 |
JL-FA-178 | Rubeola IgG | 風(fēng)疹I(lǐng)GG |
JL-FA-179 | Scleroderma (Scl-70) Pos | 膠原沉著病,硬皮病,硬皮癥 陽(yáng)性 |
JL-FA-180 | Scleroderma (Scl-70) Negative | 硬皮病陰性 |
JL-FA-181 | Sickle Cell Fresh Whole Blood | 鐮刀形紅細(xì)胞新鮮全血 |
JL-FA-182 | Smith (SM) | 抗Smith抗體陽(yáng)性血清（SLE的特征性抗體） |
JL-FA-183 | SMITH RNP | 抗RNP抗體陽(yáng)性血清（SLE的特征性抗體） |
JL-FA-184 | Smooth Muscle (ASMA) | 抗平滑肌抗體陽(yáng)性血清 |
JL-FA-185 | Sjogren syndrome antigen A (SSA) Positive | 舍格倫綜合征或干燥綜合征抗原A 陽(yáng)性 |
JL-FA-186 | Sjogren syndrome antigen B (SSB) Positive | 舍格倫綜合征抗原B 陽(yáng)性 |
JL-FA-187 | Sjogren syndrome antigen B (SSB) Negative | 舍格倫綜合征抗原B陰性 |
JL-FA-188 | Streptolysin O Ab (ASO) | 鏈球菌溶血素O抗體 |
JL-FA-189 | Syphilis (RPR - Rapid Plasma Reagin) Positive Plasma | 梅毒（梅毒-快速血漿反應(yīng)）陽(yáng)性血漿 |
JL-FA-190 | Syphilis (RPR - Rapid Plasma Reagin) Negative Plasma | 梅毒（梅毒-快速血漿反應(yīng)）陰性血漿 |
JL-FA-191 | Syphilis/ATA/T. pallidum IgG | 梅毒ATA/T，蒼白球IGG |
JL-FA-192 | Syphilis/ATA/T. pallidum IgM | 梅毒ATA/T，蒼白球IGM |
JL-FA-193 | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Positive | 全身性紅斑狼瘡陽(yáng)性 |
JL-FA-194 | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Negative | 全身性紅斑狼瘡陰性 |
JL-FA-195 | TG/TPO Positive (Standard Titer 1,000 - 3000 IU/mL) | 甲狀腺球蛋白/甲狀腺過(guò)氧化物酶陽(yáng)性 |
JL-FA-196 | TG/TPO Negative | 甲狀腺球蛋白/甲狀腺過(guò)氧化物酶陰性 |
JL-FA-197 | TTG (Tissue Transglutaminase) | 組織轉(zhuǎn)谷氨酰胺酶 |
JL-FA-198 | TTG (Tissue Transglutaminase) IgA | 組織轉(zhuǎn)谷氨酰胺酶 IGA |
JL-FA-199 | ToRCH (Toxo, Rubella, CMV, HSV) Positive | 優(yōu)生優(yōu)育（弓形蟲(chóng)，風(fēng)疹，巨細(xì)胞，單胞）陽(yáng)性 |
JL-FA-200 | ToRCH (Toxo, Rubella, CMV, HSV) Negative | 優(yōu)生優(yōu)育（弓形蟲(chóng)，風(fēng)疹，巨細(xì)胞，單胞）陰性 |
JL-FA-201 | Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) | 弓形蟲(chóng)病 |
JL-FA-202 | Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) IgG | 弓形蟲(chóng)病IGG |
JL-FA-203 | Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) IgM | 弓形蟲(chóng)病IGM |
JL-FA-204 | Thyroglobulin (TG) Positive Plasma | 甲狀腺球蛋白陽(yáng)性血漿 |
JL-FA-205 | Thyroglobulin (TG) Negative | 甲狀腺球蛋白陰性 |
JL-FA-206 | Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Negative | 水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒陰性 |
JL-FA-207 | Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) IgG | 水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒IGG |
JL-FA-208 | Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) IgM | 水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒IGM |
JL-FA-209 | West Nile Virus (WNV) | 西尼羅河腦炎病毒 |
JL-FA-210 | West Nile Virus (WNV) IgM | 西尼羅河腦炎病毒IGM |
美國(guó)Seracare抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體(CCP)
這種循序漸進(jìn)的步驟是古真核細(xì)胞發(fā)育為更大、更復(fù)雜的細(xì)胞的重要的一部分。
“這通常被認(rèn)為是，細(xì)菌細(xì)胞不同于我們細(xì)胞的一個(gè)基本途徑，” 沃德說(shuō)。“不過(guò)，Gemmata obscuriglobus(他們所研究的細(xì)菌)的細(xì)胞具有復(fù)雜的內(nèi)膜，使它們表面看起來(lái)像是真核細(xì)胞。”
Gottshall想知道，轉(zhuǎn)錄和翻譯是否可能發(fā)生在細(xì)胞的不同地方，就像在真核生物細(xì)胞中。
“我們提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題，是因?yàn)槲覀儾荒?理解，復(fù)雜的真核細(xì)胞從一個(gè)更簡(jiǎn)單的祖先進(jìn)化而來(lái)的途徑，并且我們認(rèn)為，研究Gemmata的這個(gè)問(wèn)題可能揭示這個(gè)問(wèn)題的一些謎團(tuán)，” Gottshall說(shuō)。
人們普遍認(rèn)為，動(dòng)物和植物細(xì)胞的兩個(gè)主要的有膜細(xì)胞器——線粒體，細(xì)胞的發(fā)電廠，以及能夠發(fā)生光合作用的葉綠體——當(dāng)古細(xì)菌感染并居住在古老的原真核細(xì)胞中時(shí)形成的。
一些人估計(jì)這些遷入日期約為18億年前。細(xì)菌微生物化石zui早出現(xiàn)在大約35十億年前。
沃德和她的研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)的G. obscuriglobus翻譯和轉(zhuǎn)錄發(fā)生在不同的地方，和真核細(xì)胞一樣。
“雖然這不是*次報(bào)道細(xì)菌，但這是*報(bào)道這樣一個(gè)復(fù)雜的細(xì)菌細(xì)胞，” 沃德說(shuō)。“雖然我們不知道，Gemmata是否存在一個(gè),，導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)與真核細(xì)胞相同的方式。它向我們展示了，它有可能成為組織化的一個(gè)方式。”
肺癌，也會(huì)影響非吸煙者，是世界上癌癥死亡的主要原因。根據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家癌癥研究所統(tǒng)計(jì)，美國(guó)在肺癌治療上的花費(fèi)超過(guò)120億美元。然而，肺癌的存活率不容樂(lè)觀，由于疾病極易轉(zhuǎn)移到整個(gè)身體，有80%的患者在診斷后5年之內(nèi)死亡。
為了獲得轉(zhuǎn)移性，癌細(xì)胞會(huì)覆蓋一般保持細(xì)胞根植在它們各自位置的細(xì)胞器。癌癥可以迂回地打開(kāi)和關(guān)閉細(xì)胞膜上突起的分子錨(稱(chēng)為附著斑復(fù)合物)，為遷移準(zhǔn)備細(xì)胞。這使得癌細(xì)胞開(kāi)始經(jīng)過(guò)血流遍歷體內(nèi)，在新的器官駐留下來(lái)。
除了不同的癌癥能控制這些錨之外，大約五分之一的肺癌病例缺失一個(gè)抗癌基因，稱(chēng)為L(zhǎng)KB1(又名STK11)。缺失LKB1的癌癥通常是侵襲性的，可在體內(nèi)迅速蔓延。然而，沒(méi)有知道LKB1和粘附斑之間是如何關(guān)聯(lián)的。
現(xiàn)在，索爾克研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)，并發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的治療靶點(diǎn)：一個(gè)鮮為人知的基因，稱(chēng)為DIXDC1。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，DIXDC1接受來(lái)自LKB1的指令，轉(zhuǎn)到粘著斑，并改變它們的數(shù)量和大小。
當(dāng)DIXDC1被“打開(kāi)”，半打左右的粘著斑變大并具有粘性，將細(xì)胞錨定在它們的位置。當(dāng)DIXDC1被阻斷或滅活時(shí)，粘著斑變小和量大，導(dǎo)致數(shù)百只小“手”向前拉動(dòng)細(xì)胞，以響應(yīng)細(xì)胞外的線索。轉(zhuǎn)移的傾向增加，有助于癌細(xì)胞從肺部逃跑，可讓腫瘤細(xì)胞存活下來(lái)，經(jīng)過(guò)血液并停留在體內(nèi)各處的器官。
美國(guó)Seracare抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體(CCP)
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This step-by-step step is an important part of developing eukaryotic cells into larger, more complex cells.
"This is generally considered to be a fundamental way that bacterial cells differ from our cells," Ward said. "However, the cells of Gemmata obscuriglobus (the bacteria they studied) have complex intima, making their surfaces look like eukaryotes."
Gottshall wondered if transcription and translation might occur in different parts of the cell, just like in eukaryotic cells.
"We ask this question because we can not fully understand the complex evolved pathways of eukaryotic cells from a simpler ancestor and we think the study of Gemmata may shed some light on this issue," Gottshall said .
It is generally accepted that the two major membranous organelles of animals and plant cells - mitochondria, cellular power plants, and chloroplasts capable of photosynthesis - form when archaebacteria are infected and reside in ancient eukaryotic cells of.
Some estimate that these move-in dates are about 1.8 billion years ago. Bacterial microbial fossils first appeared about 35 billion years ago.
Ward and her team found that most of the G. obscuriglobus translation and transcription occur in different places, just like eukaryotes.
"Although this is not the first report of bacteria, it is the first time that such a complex bacterial cell has been reported," Ward said. "Although we do not know if Gemmata has one, resulting in the same appearance as eukaryotes, it shows us that it is likely to be a way of organizing."
Lung cancer, also affecting non-smokers, is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. According to the National Cancer Institute, the United States spends more than 12 billion U.S. dollars on lung cancer treatment. However, the survival rate of lung cancer is not optimistic, as the disease easily transferred to the entire body, 80% of patients died within 5 years after diagnosis.
In order to obtain metastaticity, cancer cells will cover organelles that generally keep the cells rooted in their respective locations. Cancers roundaboutly open and close protruding molecular anchors (called attachment plaque complexes) on the cell membrane, preparing cells for migration. This allows cancer cells to start traversing the bloodstream and residing in new organs.
In addition to the fact that different cancers can control these anchors, about one in five lung cancers lack an anti-cancer gene, called LKB1 (aka STK11). Cancers that lack LKB1 are usually aggressive and spread rapidly in the body. However, it is not known how LKB1 and adhesive spots are related.
Now, the Sork study found the link and found a new therapeutic target: a little-known gene called DIXDC1. The researchers found that DIXDC1 received instructions from LKB1, turned to sticky patches, and changed their number and size.
When DIXDC1 is "on", half a dozen sticky patches become large and sticky, anchoring the cells in their place. When DIXDC1 is blocked or inactivated, the sticky patches become small and large, causing hundreds of small "hands" to pull the cells forward in response to extracellular cues. The increased tendency to metastasize helps the cancer cells escape from the lungs, allowing the tumor cells to survive, pass through the blood and remain in the organs throughout the body.
