plc與dcs的分析比較
dcs和plc的設計原理區別較大，plc是由繼電器控制原理發展起來的，它以存儲執行邏輯運算、順序控制、定時、計數和運算等操作的指令；并通過數字輸入和輸出操作，來控
制各類機械或生產過程。用戶編制的控制程序表達了生產過程的工藝要求，并事先存入plc的用戶程序存儲器中。運行時按存儲程序的內容逐條執行，以完成工藝流程要求的操作。plc的cpu內有指示程序步存儲地址的程序計數器，在程序運行過程中，執行一步該計數器自動加1，程序從起始步（步序號為零）起依次執行到終步（通常為end指令），然后再返回起始步循環運算。plc每完成一次循環操作所需的時間稱為一個掃描周期。不同型號的plc，循環掃描周期在1微秒到幾十微秒之間。程序計數器這樣的循環操作，這是dcs所沒有的。這也是使plc的冗余不如dcs的原因。dcs是在運算放大器的基礎上得以發展的。把所有的函數和過程變量之間的關系都做成功能塊（有的dcs系統稱為膨化塊）。dcs和plc的表現的主要差別是在開關量的邏輯解算和模擬量的運算上，即使后來兩者相互有些滲透，但是還是有區別。80年代以后，plc除邏輯運算外，控制回路用的算法功能已經大大加強，但 plc用梯形圖編程，模擬量的運算在編程時不太直觀，編程比較麻煩。但在解算邏輯方面，表現出快速的優點，在微秒量級，解算1k邏輯程序不到1毫秒。它把所有的輸入都當成開關量來處理，16位（也有32位的）為一個模擬量。而dcs把所有輸入都當成模擬量，1位就是開關量。解算一個邏輯是在幾百微秒至幾毫秒量級。對于plc解算一個pid運算在幾十毫秒，這與dcs的運算時間不相上下。
在接地電阻方面，對plc也許要求不高，但對dcs一定要在幾歐姆以下（通常在4歐姆以下）。模擬量隔離也是非常重要的。
相同i/o點數的系統，用plc比用dcs，其成本要低一些（大約能省40%左右）。plc沒有操作站，它用的軟件和硬件都是通用的，所以維護成本比dcs要低很多。如果被控對象主要是設備連鎖、回路相對很少，采用plc較為合適。如果主要是模擬量控制、并且函數運算很多，好采用dcs。dcs在控制器、i/o板、通訊網絡等的冗余方面，一些高級運算、行業的特殊要求方面都要比plc好的多。plc由于采用通用監控軟件，在設計企業的管理信息系統方面，要容易一些。
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