西班牙Certest艱難梭菌毒素B重組蛋白（無毒性片段）

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西班牙Certest艱難梭菌毒素B重組蛋白（無毒性片段）

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這項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員利用透明的斑馬魚幼體進(jìn)行研究，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，在被巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬前中性粒細(xì)胞會(huì)被“招募”至傷口處，但是一旦其到達(dá)傷口處，巨噬細(xì)胞就會(huì)同中性粒細(xì)胞進(jìn)行接觸，并且使其遠(yuǎn)離機(jī)體損傷組織;在缺失巨噬細(xì)胞的斑馬魚機(jī)體中中性粒細(xì)胞可以在斑馬魚患處停留很長時(shí)間。就像中性粒細(xì)胞一樣，巨噬細(xì)胞可以被活性氧和蛋白激酶信號(hào)吸引至患處，而且缺失活性氧產(chǎn)生酶類Nox2的巨噬細(xì)胞并不能遷移至傷口處，反而會(huì)誘導(dǎo)中性粒細(xì)胞離開傷口。
更有意思的是，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，缺失人類等量Nox2的病人往往會(huì)遭受感染的復(fù)發(fā)及炎性的擴(kuò)展，這種障礙名為慢性肉芽腫病;本文研究揭示了一種引發(fā)病人患慢性肉芽腫病的原因或許是因?yàn)闄C(jī)體巨噬細(xì)胞并不能遷移到炎性位點(diǎn)來誘導(dǎo)中性粒細(xì)胞的反向遷移活動(dòng)及炎性的恢復(fù)。
近年來，纖毛這種顯微尺寸的、生物細(xì)胞的觸須樣延伸物已經(jīng)擺脫了相對(duì)朦朧的狀態(tài)，如今被認(rèn)為對(duì)于理解許多人類疾病具有重要性。在12月的《生物科學(xué)》(Bioscience)雜志的一篇論文中，美國馬薩諸塞大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的george B. Witman與Salem州立大學(xué)的Jason M. Brown描述了近來關(guān)于纖毛相關(guān)疾病的發(fā)現(xiàn)，并且強(qiáng)調(diào)了可能對(duì)于纖毛疾病的系統(tǒng)研究有用的“模式”物種。
纖毛執(zhí)行一大批功能，包括細(xì)胞信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)的主角作用。能動(dòng)的纖毛能夠搖擺，從而移動(dòng)體內(nèi)的液體，包括大腦的腦脊髓液。在人類中間，纖毛見于人類的幾乎所有細(xì)胞。由于這種情況，纖毛疾病常常被稱為對(duì)一些類型的組織有廣泛多樣的效應(yīng)的綜合征。例如，窒息性胸廓發(fā)育不良這種纖毛疾病涉及短得不正常的肋骨的發(fā)育，還伴隨著短的四肢，有時(shí)候還伴隨著多余的手指的發(fā)育。
在原發(fā)性纖毛運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙中，能動(dòng)的纖毛出現(xiàn)機(jī)能障礙，無法跳動(dòng)。這可能帶來無法清除病人氣道中的粘液導(dǎo)致的支氣管炎。患原發(fā)性纖毛運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙的男性病人是不育的，因?yàn)榭乖贵w的鞭毛(鞭毛和纖毛在結(jié)構(gòu)上是類似的)運(yùn)動(dòng)被削弱了。
這篇論文的作者提到了其他一些纖毛可能起到作用的人類疾病。例如，某些癌癥與神經(jīng)疾病可能與纖毛疾病有關(guān)。由于涉及人類的研究面臨的限制，這組作者提出，使用從綠藻衣藻(Chlamydomonas)到家鼠等模式物種從而進(jìn)一步研究纖毛的作用。他們寫道：“我們可以預(yù)計(jì)，新的技術(shù)和改良的技術(shù)將會(huì)為進(jìn)一步獲得關(guān)于這些極為重要而且越來越令人著迷的細(xì)胞器的見解打開新的道路。”

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【公司名稱】 廣州健侖生物科技有限公司
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【公司地址】 廣州清華科技園創(chuàng)新基地番禺石樓鎮(zhèn)創(chuàng)啟路63號(hào)二期2幢101-103室

In the study, researchers used transparent zebrafish larvae to study and found that neutrophils were "recruited" to the wound before being phagocytosed by macrophages, but once they reached the wound, macrophages It will contact with neutrophils and keep it away from the body to injure the tissues. In the absence of macrophages, neutrophils may stay in the zebrafish for a long time. Like neutrophils, macrophages are attracted to reactive sites by reactive oxygen species and protein kinase signals, and macrophages that lack the active oxygen-producing enzyme Nox2 do not migrate to the wound but instead induce neutrophils to leave wound.
More interestingly, the researchers found that patients who lack the equivalent amount of Nox2 in humans often suffer from recurrent and inflammatory spread of the infection called chronic granulomatous disease; this study reveals a disorder that causes chronic granulomatosis The reason may be due to the fact that macrophages do not migrate to inflammatory sites to induce neutrophil reverse migration and inflammatory recovery.
In recent years, the microscopic size of the cilia-like, tentacle-like extension of biological cells has escaped its relatively obscure status and is now considered to be of importance in understanding many human diseases. In a December paper in the journal Bioscience, george B. Witman of the University of Massachusetts Medical School and Jason M. Brown of Salem State University described recent findings on cilia-related diseases and highlighted Useful "model" species may be useful for systematic research on cilia disease.
Cilia performs a number of functions, including the protagonist of cell signaling. Active cilia can sway to move fluids in the body, including the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain. Among humans, cilia is found in almost all human cells. Because of this condition, cilia disease is often referred to as a syndrome that has a wide variety of effects on some types of tissues. For example, asphyxiated thoracic hypoplasia, a ciliary disease that involves the development of unusually short ribs, is accompanied by short limbs and occasionally with excess finger development.
In primary ciliary dyskinesia, motile cilia develop dysfunction and can not beat. This may result in an inability to clear bronchitis caused by mucus in the patient's airways. Male patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia are sterile because the movement of the antigenic antibody flagella (flagella and cilia are structurally similar) is impaired.
The author of this paper mentions other human diseases where cilia may play a role. For example, some cancers and neurological diseases may be related to cilia disease. Due to the limitations of human-related research, the authors propose to use further model species, from Chlamydomonas to domesticated mice, to further study the role of cilia. They wrote: "We can expect that new and improved technologies will open the door to further insights on these extremely important and increasingly fascinating organelles."