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編程需要敢于實踐的信心

我曾經教過一個學生學AutoCAD，我對她的*要求就是實踐。我告訴她：你隨便怎么操作，大不了一張圖重畫；zui壞的結果是系統崩潰，沒關系，系統重做，再來；只要電腦沒被砸了，怎么都行。兩年后，我再看到她做的CAD圖紙，也自嘆不如。

同樣道理，只有不斷地在PLC上運行這些指令，觀察運行的結果，才能弄清PLC指令的作用。很多初學者對PLC一臉的迷茫，往往是出于一種畏懼，擔心損壞設備。而這些畏懼是沒有任何道理的。仔細的閱讀手冊是非常重要的，但是僅靠讀書是成不了一個工程師的。更何況手冊上的內容并非面面俱到。我在接觸到那些不熟悉的指令時，喜歡單獨編一個小程序，讓PLC運行。然后逐個修改條件，觀察運行的結果（MicroWin為用戶提供了非常好的監控手段），反過來再重新理解手冊的描述，這樣就可以非常直觀的理解這些指令的作用和使用方法。

鄭娟萍

廈門仲鑫航自動化設備有限公司 

不必擔心自己寫的程序會有什么問題，會影響PLC的正常工作。程序有沒有問題，只有讓PLC運行了才能發現。而發現問題并解決問題就是對自己能力的提高。撇開硬件操作不談，單就軟件來說，我還真沒有遇到過由于軟件問題而損壞PLC的事。在這里不必擔心繼電器電路接錯線可能造成的后果。所以，大膽的實踐是PLC編程的必由之路。

當然，大膽實踐并不是野蠻操作，而是必須遵循必要的規范。還有一個要注意的，在程序未經可靠性證實之前，千萬不要掛接負載，以免造成不必要的損失。數字量的輸出有LED顯示；而模擬量處理可以采用一些硬件或軟件模擬手段來解決。

Hubbell HBL2321S Twist-Lock Plug

GE Duplex Receptacle 125V 15A Brown (Box of 6)

GE 5262-1 Duplex Receptacle 125V 15A Brown (Box of 8)

WOODHEAD TURNEX L6-30R 30 AMP 250V Grounded Twistlock Receptacle

Meltric Corp. 89-66043-080 Inlet/Connector/Housing 480V 60A 3P 3PH

Cooper 1547 Cord Connector 15A 125V 2P 3W

Hubbell HBL2323 Receptacle 20A 250V

Hubbell HLD Lockout Device

Hubbell 231A Receptacle 30A 250V

Hubbell Twist-Lock Receptacle 20A 125/250V

Hubbell Twist-Lock Plug 20A 250V

Pass & Seymour Duplex Receptacle 125V 15A

General Electric WC596 65-1 Receptacle 250V 20A

Hubbell Brown Single Receptacle 125V 15A

Bryant L5-20 Flanged Inlet 20A 125V 

Carlon 93C6 Outlet Box with Leviton Receptacle and Ground Fault Interrupter

Unicor 8CERW Office Furnishings Plug 15A (Orange)

Bryant S611 Wall Plates Single Receptacle

TayMag Low Profile Weatherproof Cover Gray

Pass & Seymour 2095-I GFCI Duplex Receptacle w/ Trip Indicator Light 125VAC 20A

Leviton B 271887 Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter 125V 60Hz 20A GFCI.A DDFT.A

TayMac MM110W Weatherproof Receptacle Cover

Pass & Seymour Double Electrical Outlet 125V 20A (Ivory)

Pass & Seymour Double Electrical Outlet 125V 15A (Ivory)

Cooper AH460M17W Interlocked Receptacles Enclosure Series 309 (No Cap)

Pass & Seymour Double Electrical Outlet 125V 15A (White)

Cantex FSC/FSE Junction Boxes with (2) Outlets

Weidmuller 991548 Rail Mount Outlet Module 125V 15A

Amphenol 97-3102A28-12P Pin Receptacle

daykin PPD-09 Program Port

Hubbell Twist-Lock Outlet 20A 480V

Thomas & Betts Russellstoll 9C54U2 DuraGard Waterproof Connector

Panduit CF1062EIY Mini-Com Module Frame

Pass & Seymour 5362-AI Duplex Receptacle 125V 20A

Pass & Seymour 5262 Duplex Receptacle 125V 15A

GE GE4069-2 Single Receptacle 250V 15A 2P

Thomas & Betts Steel City 58 C 7 Handy Box Duplex Receptacle Cover

Crouse-Hinds GUAT 36 CONDULET Conduit Outlet Box 1"

Cooper Crouse-Hinds Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter 125V 20A 2P

Hubbell Twist-Lock Connector Outlet 120/208V 20A

Wiremold Shallow Switch and Receptacle Box

Leviton Receptacle 125V 20A

Hubbell Outlet 15A 125V with Outlet Cover (Suitable For Damp Locations)

Pass & Seymour Flanged Mount Plug 15A 125V with Metal Gang Box

Hubbell Twist-Lock Flanged Inlet Plug 30A 125V

Hubbell Double Outlet 15A 125V with Crouse-Hinds Enclosure, Red Dot Cover

Crouse-Hinds X877128A Receptacle with FDC2 Condulet Box

Appleton EFS150-2023 Receptacle Interlocked with Switch (Connector Broken)

Crouse Hinds AR342 Receptacle 30A 3W 4P 600V Model M54

Crouse-Hinds AR 342 B Arktite Receptacle 600V 30A

Appleton EFS150-2023 Receptacle Interlocked with Switch (Missing Cap)

Wiremold G3027AE Single Receptacle Plate Gray

Crouse-Hinds X877128A Receptacle with FD2 Condulet Box

Hubbell Receptacle 15A 125V with Wiremold G-3043GE Metal Cover

Arrow-Hart Duplex Outlet 15A 125V

Arrow-Hart Single Outlet 125V 15A NEMA 5-15

Arrow-Hart Duplex Outlet, FS2 Enclosure, Tay-Mac Outdoor Cover (Latch Broke)

Hubbell Duplex Outlet 125V 15A with Wiremold G-3043GE Metal Outlet Cover

Hubbell Duplex Outlet 125V 15A, Wiremold G-3043GE Metal Outlet Cover, Cover Bent

Arrow-Hart Duplex Outlet 125V 15A W/ Steel City Metal Outlet Cover

Arrow-Hart Duplex Outlet 125V 15A W / Raco Metal Outlet Cover Square

Eagle Single Outlet 125V 15A

HART-LOCK Receptacle with FD2 Condulet Enclosure and P-5256 Cover Plate

Arrow Hart 2-Gang Receptacle with FS1 Device Box and 16807 Double Door Cover

Crouse-Hinds AR 642 Arktite Receptacle with ARE 36 Outlet Box (Cover Broken Off)

Hubbell Twist-Lock Receptacle with FS1 Device Box and Hubbell P-5256 Cover Plate

Hubbell Twist Lock Connector Outlet 20A 125V

Hubbell P-1660 Twist Lock Plug 10A/250V, 15A/125V W/ Crouse-Hinds FSC1 Enclosure

Hubbell HBL2326 Twist-Lock Flanged AC Outlet 250V 20A (Used)

Crouse-Hinds AR 642 Receptacale with ARE 36 Condulet (With Lockout)

Crouse Hinds AR342 Receptacle 30A 3W 4P 600V 

Cooper 5361B Single Receptacle Brown

GE ML-114 Midget Locking Flanged Receptacle Black (Box of 10)

GE 5462-1 Duplex Receptacle 250V 20A Brown (Box of 8)

GE 5251-1 Single Grounding Receptacle 15A 125V Brown

Pass & Seymore 2094-SI GFCI Duplex Receptacle 125V 20A Ivory

Pass & Seymour L520-C Turn & Pull Connector/Receptacle 20A 125V

Killark FCLA Handy Box Duplex Receptacle Cover

Pass & Seymour 7420 Single Receptacle Cover

Hubbell HBL2611 HBL INSULGRIP Twist-Lock Plug 125V 30A (NIB)

Hubbell DRUB15CB5 Utility Box 125V 5A

Intermatic WP1020C Guardian Double Gang Weatherproof Receptacle Cover

Hubbell HBL2351 Locking Plug 600V 20A (Head Only)

Pass & Seymour L520P Locking Plug 125V 20A (Head Only)

Leviton L1520P Locking Plug 250V 20A 3PH (Head Only)

Pass & Seymour L1520-P Turnlok Plug

Pass & Seymour 5362-I Duplex Receptacle

Leviton CR20-I Duplex Receptacle 125V 20A

Leviton 8899-I Smart Lock GFCI Receptacle 125V 20A

Hubbell HBL5252GY HBL Receptacle 125V 15A

Hubbell IG-5651 Single Receptacle 250V 15A

Hubbell HBL2351 Twist-Lock Plug 600V 20A

Hubbell 231A Twist-Lock Plug 120/208V 30A 3PH

GE Locking Plug 250V 20A Yellow

GE Locking Plug 250V 20A

GE Locking Plug 250/600V 10/20A

GE Locking Plug 125/250V 30A

GE Locking Plug 125V 30A

GE Locking Connector Body 125V 30A

GE Locking Plug 125/250V 20A

GE GLD0531 Locking Plug 125V 30A

GE GL0820 Locking Receptacle

GE GE5251-1 Receptacle

Cooper CWL515P Locking Plug 125V 15A

Arrow Hart Locking Plug 250V 15A

Amerace 3753 Receptacle 250/600V 20/30A

Meltric D860A Plug 250V 33-61237

Meltric DS68A Receptacle 250V 33-67237

Thomas & Betts Steel City 58 C 7 Utility Box Cover 4" x 2-1/8" (Box of 25)

Pass & Seymour L630-P Turnlok Plug 250V 30A

Pass & Seymour 8300 Duplex Receptacle 125V 20A

Hubbell 9432C Right Angle Plug 125/250V 30A 3P

Slater L5-30R Medalist Twist-Lock Receptacle 125V 30A

Hubbell HBL2710 Twist-Lock Receptacle

Fusetron SRU Fuse Holder and Receptacle

Arrow-Hart Single Receptacle 125V 15A NEMA 5-15R

56422 Faceplate Kit

Balluff BKS-Z/RKF-4-S4 Receptacle

Hubbell HBL2613 Twist-Lock Connector Body 125V 30A

Woodhead 891L Connector Plug 125V 20A

Hubbell HBL2311S Safety-Shroud Twist-Lock Plug 125V 20A

Hubbell 231A Twist-Lock Plug 125/250V 30A

Hubbell HBL5366C Insulgrip Straight Blade Plug 125V 20A 2P

Midwest U011 Rainproof Power Outlet 120V 20A

Pass & Seymour Legrand 691-I Combination Switch/Receptacle Device

ex WP-1 96136-000 Wall Plate Passive Junction Box

Cooper Crouse-Hinds GFS1 Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter 120V 20A

Cooper Crouse-Hinds ENR5201 Explosion-Proof Straight Blade Receptacle 125V 20A

Wiremold V5748-2 2-Gang Switch and Receptacle Box

Dukane 438-645 1-Gang Rubber Gasket

Wiremold V5748S Shallow Switch and Receptacle Box

Wiremold V5748 Switch and Receptacle Box

Intermatic WP1220C Flexi-Guard Double Gang In-Use Weatherproof Receptacle Cover

Leviton SJ262-SA 2-Gang Decora Plus Device Wallplate

Leviton SJ26-SA 1-Gang Decora Plus Device Wallplate

Leviton SJ26-SA 1-Gang Decora Plus Device Wallplate (Used)

Wiremold G3043BE 3000 Series Raceway Duplex Receptacle Plate

Wiremold 5507B Blank Faceplate (Box of 5)

Wiremold 5507S Spacer (Box of 9)

Wiremold 5507S Spacer (Box of 10)

Leviton Receptacle 125/250V 50A NEMA 10-50R

Pass & Seymour L1020-R Turnlok Receptacle 125/250V 20A 3P

Pass & Seymour L1020-P Turnlok Plug 125/250V 20A 3P

Hubbell HBL2331 Plug 277V 20A

Hubbell ONE 2511 Insulgrip Twist-Lock Plug 120/280V 20A 3PH 4P (NIB)

Hubbell Twist-Lock Connector Outlet 125/250V 20A

B Twist-Lock Connector Outlet 120/208V 20A 3PH

Raco B 103-W Handy Box 4" x 2-1/2" x 1-7/8" (Box of 50)

Walker Parkersburg Textron 501 97590 Service Fitting Receptacle

Meltric Corp. 19-64181 DN20 Receptacle

Walker Parkersburg Textron 803-DGC Service Fitting Receptacle

Walker Parkersburg Textron 501 AL-G 97590 Service Fitting Receptacle

Outlet Face Plate

Electrical Outlet 120V 15A

Leviton Outlet with Redodot Oiltight Enclosure

Double Electrical Outlet 125V 15A

Single Electrical Outlet 125V 15A

Pass & Seymour Plug 15A 125V Male Ended

Arrow Hart F3345 Plug 5-15P 15A 125V Extension Cord End

Pass & Seymour 4720SSAN Right Angle Twist Lock 15A 125V

Marinco 4720 Twist Lock 15A 125V

Appleton FD-2-75 FDE 3/4" Unilet Box

GE GE4310-1 Plug Body Single Tab 125 V 660 Watt Brown

GE GE4182-1 Single Receptacle 20 Amp 250 Volt 2 P 3 W

GE GE4132-2 Flush Dryer Receptacle 3 Pole 3 Wire Black

GE GE4064-1 Single Grounding Outlet 15 A 125 V Brown

GE GLD0221 Dyna-Mate Locking Plug 20 A 250 V 2 P 2 W

GE GLD0513 Dyna-Mate Locking Plug 15 A 125 V 2 P 3 W

GE GLD7572 Dyna-Mate Locking Plug 10/15 A 125/250 V

GE GED0711 Dyna-Mate Straight Plug 15 A 277 V 2 P 3 W

GE GED0711 Dyna-Mate 10 Straight Plugs 15 A 277 V 2P 3W

GE GE5261-1 Single Ground Receptacle 15 A 125V 2 P 3 W 

GE GE5261-1 Single Ground 10 Receptacles 15A 125V 2P 3W

GE GE5261-9 Single Ground Receptacle 15 A 125 V 2P 3W 

GE GL7310 Single Locking Receptacle 20 A 125/250 V 3P 

GE GE4124-1 3 Wire Sngle Outlet 20 A 250 V Brown

GE GE4124-1 3 Wire Sngle Outlet 20 Amp 250 Volt Brown

GE GE4124-1 3 Wire 10 Single Outlets 20A 250 Volt Brown

GE GE4333-5 Connector 3 Wire 10/15 Amp 125/250 Volt

Leviton 2311 Locking Plug 20 A 125 V 2 P 3 W Black

Bryant 8430-FR Single Flush Receptacle 30 A 250 V 3 PH

Hubbell HBL5366C Straight Plug 20 Amp 125 Volt 2P 3W

Pass & Seymour TPJ1 Wall Plate Oversize 1 Gang/Toggle

20 Pass & Seymour TPJ1 Wall Plate Oversize Gang/Toggle

20 Pass & Seymour TP18-I Wall Plate 2 Gang 1 Duplex/Tog

Pass & Seymour TP8-I Wall Plate 1 Gang 1 Duplex Ivory

Pass & Seymour PSSB2-OW DataCom Surface Box 2 Port

Pass & Seymour 5651 Single Receptacle 15 A 250 V Brown

Pass & Seymour CR20-I Duplex Receptacle 20 Amp 125 Volt

Pass & Seymour 3804 Power Outlet 50 A 250 V Flush Mount

Pass & Seymour L820-C Turnlok Connector 20 Amp 480 Volt

Pass & Seymour 4700 Turnlok Receptacle 15 Amp 125 Volt

Pass & Seymour 6810 Single Receptacle 20 A 125/250 Volt

Pass & Seymour 8200-ILRED LED Receptacle 15 A 125 V