3500/92本特利3500/923500/92本特利3500/92

PLC的程序是直接作用于對象的具體工藝過程，那么對對象具體工藝過程的理解是非常重要的的。我在與用戶的交流過程中，會用我所掌握的Unit Operation的知識分析用戶的工藝過程，協助用戶整理過程控制中的各個邏輯關系，甚至包括各種儀表、硬件的配置。這得益于我原本所學的專業。當然，不能要求所有搞PLC程序的工程師都有我這樣的經歷。但是有兩門知識卻是*的：一是過程儀表的硬件知識，包括傳感器、變送器（二次儀表）和PLC本身，這是構建控制系統的基礎；二是過程控制理論，包括各種控制模型的原理和應用，其中zui重要的是二位調節和PID調節模型。

鄭娟萍

廈門仲鑫航自動化設備有限公司  

PID調節是目前用得zui廣泛的過程控制手段，且變化多端。學習PID的方法就是讀書。幾乎所有講解過程控制的書籍都有關于PID的內容，多讀基本相關的書籍對理解PID是很有益處的。我發現不少網友在進入PLC領域時，缺乏這些相關知識。這并不可怕；可怕的是當事者不能靜下心來彌補知識的缺陷。我們不要怪罪學校沒有教授這些內容，而是要注重自己如何去學習這些知識。工作中遇到的許多問題是學校里沒講過的，這不能成為我們拒絕工作的理由，而應該以積極的態度去應對這些問題。我的體會是，為了解決工作中的問題而學習的知識，比課堂上學的東西更容易記住。

CR123C27.3B GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123C1.48A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

GE CR123C0.97A Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H2.67A GE NIB Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123F43.0B GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123C7.78A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H5.29A GE NIB Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123C30.3B GE Overload Relay Heater Element

R0.60A Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123F30.0B GE Overload Relay Heater Element

GE CR123H0.55A Overload Relay Heater Element (NIB)

GE CR123H0.61A Overload Relay Heater Element (NIB)

N61.2A Overload Relay Heater Element

GE CR123H1.58A Overload Relay Heater Element NIB

GE CR123H0.74A Overload Relay Heater Element (NIB)

CR123F35.7B GE Overload Relay Heater Element

GE CR123H2.05A Overload Relay Heater Element NIB

GE CR123H1.44A Overload Relay Heater Element (NIB)

CR123H2.91A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H1.08A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123C2.39A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H8.73A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

GE CR123H1.20A Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H5.75A GE NIB Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H1.72A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H14.4B GEOverload Relay Heater Element

CR123F77.2B GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H4.46A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123HO.90A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H3.46A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

GE CR123H1.32A Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H8.73A GE NIB Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123C1.84A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H3.46A GE NIB Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123F61.4B GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123C1.18A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

GE CR123H2.24A  Overload Relay Heater Element NIB

CR123H6.80A GE NIB Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H3.17A GE NIB Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H2.91A GE NIB Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H4.10A GE NIB Overload Relay Heater Element

GE CR123H1.72A Overload Relay Heater Element NIB

R0.78 Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H4.46A GE NIB Overload Relay Heater Element

GE CR123H0.61A Overload Relay Heater Element

GE CR123H0.74A Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H0.82A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H0.82A GE NIB Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H0.67A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H12.2B GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H5.75A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H2.45A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123H12.2B GE NIB Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123C0.54A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123C0.48A GE Overload Relay Heater Element

B9.1 Square D Overload Relay Heater Element

81D20 Overload Relay Heater Element

B1.03 Square D Overload Relay Heater Element

81033 Overload Relay Heater Element

81035 Overload Relay Heater Element

81D27 GE Overload Relay Heater Element

Allen Bradley W31 NIB Overload Relay Heater Element

Allen Bradley W38 NIB Overload Relay Heater Element

AS4.3 Westinghouse Overload Relay Heater Element

B1.15 Square D NIB W/2 Overload Relay Heater Elements

B1.15 Square D Overload Relay Heater Element

81D254 Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123F6588 GE Overload Relay Heater Element

CR123F270B GE Overload Relay Heater Element

B10.2 Square D Overload Relay Heater Element

81D52 GE Overload Relay Heater Element

966 467-H Westinghouse Overload Relay Heater Element

Idec RTE-P11 Electronic Timer 120V 

Kanson Electronics 1071-1-P-1-B Solid State Timer Relay

emecanique LRD 14 Overload Relay 

emecanique LR2 D1308 Overload Relay

Idec RTY-D4N Time Delay Relay 24VDC 3A

Infitec BMR5L Digital Time Delay Relay w/ SR2P-06 Relay Socket

emecanique LR2 D1310 Overload Relay 4-6A

Schneider Electric LR2K0308 Overload Relay 1.8-2.6A

Klockner-Moeller DIL 00 B-40-NA Motor Starter Relay

Allen-Bradley 193-EA2EB Overload Relay 1.6-5.0A

Furnas 48BSK3M20 Solid-State Overload Relay 45-95A

Allen-Bradley 700-NT Pneumatic Time Delay Unit Series C

Allen-Bradley 193-EA1FB Overload Relay 3.7-12A Series B

Sprecher+Schuh CEP7-M32 Overload Relay 0.32-1.0A Series B

Allen-Bradley 700-HT12AA24 Time Delay Relay 24VAC 50/60Hz Ser. A

Allen-Bradley 700-HT22AA24 Time-Delay Relay 24VAC 50/60Hz Ser. A

Potter&Brumfield KUP-14A11-120 Relay 120V 50/60Hz

Ingersoll Rand 39403290 Relay, Auto Controls

Schleicher SZA 54-2S Time Delay Relay 250V 6A

emecanique CAD32 Control Relay 10A 600V

emecanique CA2-DN131-A65 Relay w/ LA3-D33-A65 Relay Contact Timer

Elan SRB-NA-R-C.8F/J-24V Safety Relay

Magnecraft 70-464-1 Relay Socket 10A 300V 

Releco C2-A20X Relay w/ S2-S Relay socket

Allen-Bradley 700-HC24A1-4 Relay w/ 700-HN128 Relay Socket

Releco C3-A30X Relay w/ S3-B Relay Socket 

Eaton D3PF2AT Relay w/ D3PA2 Relay Socket

Allen-Bradley 700-HB33A1 Relay Ser. D w/ 700-HN102 Ser. B Relay Socket

A-A Electric AAE-KUP11A-0 Relay 10A 120VAC

A-A Electric AAE-KUP14AL-0 Relay w/ 11-Slot Relay Socket

Releco C2-A20X Relay with Young Electronics NDS-8 Relay Socket

Allen-Bradley 700-HA32A1 Relay Ser. D with Relay Socket

Releco C4-A49X Relay with Relay Socket

Siemens 3RV1011-1DA10 Motor Starter Protector 600V 50/60Hz 3PH 

ATC 328B 200 Q 10XX MOS Time Delay Relay with Relay Socket

Dwyer Circuit HH Amplifier - Relay Unit with Cover

Automation Direct 781-1C-24A Relay w/ 781-1C-SKT Relay Socket

Potter & Brumfield KRP-14AN-120 Relay w/ A-B 700-HN101 Relay Socket

Siemens 3UA59 00-2E Overload Relay 25-40A

Dayton 5YP98 Relay w/ SR3B-05 Relay Socket

Idec GT3F-2AF20 Electronic Timer w/ SR2P-06 Relay Socket

Finder 60.12.8.120.0030 Relay w/ Type 90.02 Relay Socket

Finder 60.13.8.120.0030 Relay w/ Type 90.03 Relay Socket 

Allen-Bradley 700-HA32A1 Relay w/ 700-HN202 Terminal Base

Allen-Bradley 700-HA32A1 Relay Ser. D w/ 700-HN100 Terminal Base

Siemens 3TH2040-0AK6 Contactor Relay 410/120V 50/60Hz

Carlo Gavazzi S 195 166 115 Dual Level Relay w/ Finder 90.27 Relay Socket

Electromatic S 112166 120 S-System Interval Timer w/ Type 90.17 Relay Socket

StoneL 461017 Interface Tee .24A Protected Drop

StoneL 465026 Repeater 32 VDC

StoneL 465026 Repeater 31.6 VDC

StoneL 461017 Interface Tee .24A Protected Drop (Missing Contact Blocks)

Allen-Bradley 592-B0V16

Industrial Solid State Controls FR10701 Timer Repeat Cycle 115V 50/60Hz 10A

Finder 55.34.8.024.0040 Relay 7A 250V w/ 94.04 

Curtis RS8 Relay Socket 8 Pin (Used)

Potter & Brumfield KHU17D11 Relay 120V 3A 14 Pin with Curtis RS15 Relay Socket

Finder 9902.0024.98 Relay Socket 6-24 V AC/DC

Potter & Brumfield KHAU-17A11-120 Relay 120 V 3A 

Allen Bradley 700-HB33A1 Relay 240V 10A 11 Pin with RDI 211BS Relay Socket

Potter & Brumfield KHU17D11 Relay 120V 3A 110 VDC

Allen-Bradley 700-HC14A1-4 Relay 120V 3A Series A

Potter & Brumfield KHU17D11-12 Relay 120V 3A 12VDC

Allen-Bradley 700-HA33Z12 Relay Series A

Potter & Brumfield KAP14AN Relay 120V with Curtis RS11 Relay Socket (Used)

Potter & Brumfield KAP14AY Relay 120V 5A 11 Pin (NIB)

Allen-Bradley 700-HB33A24 Relay 24 VAC Series D

GE LPVR-480 Phase Voltage Monitor Relay (Used)

Allen-Bradley 700-HA32A1 Relay

Potter & Brumfield KAP11AY Relay 120V 5A 8 Pin 24V Coil (Used)

Allen-Bradley 700-HB33A1 Relay 120VAC 10A 

Potter & Brumfield KHU17A11N Relay 120V 3A 28 VDC

Allen-Bradley 8-670 Photoswitch Relay 120V 24 VDC Series B

Allen-Bradley 700-HA33A1-4 Relay 120V 10A Series D

Potter-Brumfield KHAU-17A11N-120 Relay 120V 3A 

Curtis RS15 Relay Socket (Used)

Idec RY4S-UL Relay 240V 5A 24 VDC

Allen-Bradley 700-HB32Z24 Control Relay Series A (NIB)

Releco C3-A30 X Relay 300V 10A 24VDC with Releco S3-S Pin Base 300V 10A

Idec RH1B-U Relay 120V 7.5A with Idec SH1B-05 Relay Socket 300V 10A

General Electric CR7CA Starter Contactor Relay

Mars 90291 Relay 125/277V 18A (Used)

Allen-Bradley 700-HB33Z24 Relay Ser B with Base

Square D 8501XO40 Industrial Control Relay 110/120V 50/60Hz

Dayton 5Z877 Relay 240V 10A 9 Pin 

Allen-Bradley 40751-498-29 Overload Relay 600V

ABB TDM120AL Digi-Set Time Delay Relay 120 VAC 8 Pin (NIB)

Square D 8501XMO40 Industrial Control Relay 

Diversified Electronics CMO-120-ASE-10 Time Delay Current Monitor Relay

emecanique LR2D3363 Thermal Overload Relay 600V 63-80A

Watlow LD10-1000-0U00 Relay Mercury 600VAC 35A

Finder Type 60.13 Relay w/ Type 90.73 Relay Socket

Finder 60.12 Relay with 90.72 Relay Socket

Magnecraft 781XAXML Relay w/ 70-781D-1 Relay Socket

M-System JF-00-D/5-X 2-Input Math Function Relay 115VAC

Westinghouse BF30A Control Relay 300V 10A (Broken Corner)

Westinghouse BF30A Control Relay 300V 10A

Potter&Brumfield KUP14A15 Relay with 11-Blade Relay Socket

A-A Electric AAE-KIJP14AL-0 Relay with 11-Blade Relay Socket

A-A Electric AAE-KUP14AL Relay with 11-Blade Relay Socket

Allen-Bradley 193-EA1CB Overload Relay 600V 1.6-5.0A

ATC 328C 200 Q 10 XX Time Delay Relay with Relay Socket

ATC 328C 200 Q 10 XX Time Delay Relay with Relay Socket

Allen-Bradley 592-EEDC Overload Relay 600V E1 Plus

Allen-Bradley 592-EEFC Overload Relay 600V E1 Plus

Allen-Bradley 592-EECC Overload Relay 600V E1 Plus

Allen-Bradley 700-PK800B11 AC Relay 600V Series B

Allen-Bradley 700-F400A1 Control Relay

Allen-Bradley 700-N200A1 AC Relay with Allen-Bradley 700-NT Relay Timer

Allen-Bradley 700-N200A1 AC Relay 300V Series B 110/120V Coil 

Allen-Bradley 700-P400A1 AC Relay 600V 10A Series B

Allen-Bradley 700-BR200A1 Relay with Allen-Bradley 76A86 Coil

Allen-Bradley 700-HB33A1 Relay Series D 

Allen-Bradley 700-HB33A1 Relay Series D with CUS12 Relay Socket

Allen-Bradley 700-HB33A1 Relay with 11-Blade Relay Socket

Allen-Bradley 700-HB33A1 Relay Ser. E with 11-Blade Relay Socket

Siemens 3RH1140-2AB00 Contactor Relay  10A w/ 3RH1911-2GA22 Contactor 240V 10A 

Siemens 3RN1011-1CB00 Motor Protection Relay 240V 3A

Square D Class 8501 Relay Type X Series A Type X0 40

Allen-Bradley 700-P000A1 AC Relay with 700-N24 Surge Suppressor 

Square D 48066 Relay 24V 10A

Potter & Brumfield 27E121 Industrial Relay Socket 300V 10A

Potter & Brumfield Relay Socket 300V 10A 

Allen-Bradley 100-C09*10 Contactor 32A w/ Allen-Bradely 193-ED1CB 

Allen-Bradley 700-HT22BU120 Time Delay Relay 120V 50/60Hz Ser B 

Siemens 3ZX1012-0RH11 Relay 600V 10A w/ Siemens 3RH1911-1HA22 Auxiliary Contact 

Siemens 3ZX1012-0RH11 Relay 600V 10A w/ Siemens 3RH1911-2GA22 Auxiliary Contact 

Finder 55.34.8.024.0040 Relay 250V 7A with Finder 94.04.0 Relay Socket

Allen-Bradley 700-ZBR520AZ1 Safety Relay Series A

Westinghouse 5264C09H02 Groundgard Relay

MDI 22020A Mercury Relay with RG 2030-6

Dayton 6A854 Solid State Time Delay Relay .01Sec. - 999Min.

Square D 8501-TO-41 Barrier Relay 110/120V 50/60Hz 3W

Cutler-Hammer D26MB D26MPR D26MPL D26MPS Type M Relay 

Lumenite Control Technology WFLTV-DM-2012 Liquid Level Control 220V 60Hz 5A 1P

Allen-Bradley 193-EA1CB Overload Relay with 100-MO5N*3 Contactor

emecanique RM3 EA101FG7 Memory Relay 110/130V 50/60Hz

Allen-Bradley 440R-ZBR520AZ1 Safety Relay Series A

Lumenite FLTV-DM2012 Liquid Level Control 220V 60Hz 5A 1P

Nais HG2-DC24V AP6222 Solid State Relay

Schrack 175110 Relay 110V 

idec RH4B-U Relay 120V 10A 14Pin

Westinghouse BF30F Control Relay 300V 10A

Potter & Brumfield KAP11AY Relay 120V 5A 8 Pin with Curtis RS8 Relay Socket

Potter & Brumfield KAP-14AY-24 Relay 120V 5A 11 Pin W/ Curtis RS11 Relay Socket

Potter & Brumfield KAP14AY Relay 120V 5A 11 Pin with Curtis RS11 Relay Socket

Allen-Bradley 700-P400A1 Direct Drive AC Relay 600V 10A Series B

Deltrol Controls 105-1914 24 VDC (Housing Cracked)

Potter & Brumfield KRP11DG Relay 110VDC

Square D 8501-KP12 Relay 120V 50/60Hz