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美國Seracare麴菌病/曲霉屬質控品Aspergillis

廣州健侖生物科技有限公司

廣州健侖長期供應各種生物原料，主要代理品牌：美國Seracare、西班牙Certest、美國Fuller等等。

主要產品包括各種標準品、陽性對照品、單克隆抗原抗體。

其中常見的有：弓形蟲病、西尼羅河病毒、類風濕因子、瘧疾、麻疹、萊姆病、百日咳桿菌、大腸桿菌、鼠傷寒沙門氏菌、李斯特菌等陽性對照品。

美國Seracare麴菌病/曲霉屬質控品Aspergillis

我司還提供其它進口或國產試劑盒：登革熱、瘧疾、流感、A鏈球菌、合胞病毒、腮病毒、乙腦、寨卡、黃熱病、基孔肯雅熱、克錐蟲病、違禁品濫用、肺炎球菌、軍團菌、化妝品檢測、食品安全檢測等試劑盒以及日本生研細菌分型診斷血清、德國SiFin診斷血清、丹麥SSI診斷血清等產品。

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【Seracare產品介紹】

編號	英文名稱	中文名稱
JL-FA-01	Amebiasis (AME)	阿米巴病
JL-FA-02	Allergens, Rast scores	過敏原，放射性過敏原吸收實驗。指對特定的人群引起免疫反應或者過敏反應的食品中的蛋白質
JL-FA-03	Allergens, Rast scores negative	過敏原，放射性過敏原吸收實驗陰性
JL-FA-04	Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide Antibody (CCP) Arthritis	抗環瓜氨酸肽抗體
JL-FA-05	ASCA Saccharomyces Cerevi	人抗釀酒酵母抗體（ASCA）
JL-FA-06	Aspergillis	麴菌病
JL-FA-07	Beta 2 Glycoprotein	β2糖蛋白
JL-FA-08	Beta 2 Glycoprotein IgM	β2糖蛋白 IGM
JL-FA-09	Bordela Pertussis	百日咳桿菌
JL-FA-10	Bordela Pertussis IgM	百日咳桿菌 IGM
JL-FA-11	C-ANCA	C-抗中性粒細胞胞漿抗體（ANCA)
JL-FA-12	Cardiolipin	心肌磷脂
JL-FA-13	Cardiolipin IgA	心肌磷脂 IGA
JL-FA-14	Cardiolipin IgG	心肌磷脂 IGG
JL-FA-15	Cardiolipin IgM	心肌磷脂 IGM
JL-FA-16	Cerebral Spinal Fluid	腦脊髓液
JL-FA-17	Chagas	恰加斯病/南美錐蟲
JL-FA-18	Chlamydia	衣原體
JL-FA-19	Chlamydia IgA	衣原體IGA
JL-FA-20	Chlamydia IgG	衣原體IGG
JL-FA-21	Chlamydia IgM	衣原體IGM
JL-FA-22	Chlamydia Neg	衣原體陰性
JL-FA-23	Clotting Factor C3	凝固因子C3
JL-FA-24	Clotting Factor C4	凝固因子C4
JL-FA-25	Coccidiodes	球孢菌
JL-FA-26	Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Neg	巨細胞病毒抗體陰性
JL-FA-27	CMV IgG	巨細胞病毒 IGG陽性
JL-FA-28	CMV IgM VCA	巨細胞病毒 IGM 陽性
JL-FA-29	C-Reactive Protein (CRP)	C-反應蛋白質
JL-FA-30	Dengue Fever	登革熱
JL-FA-31	Dengue Fever IgM	登革熱 IGM
JL-FA-32	DS (Double Stranded) DNA	雙鏈脫氧核糖核酸
JL-FA-33	EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) IgG	EB病毒核抗原 IGG
JL-FA-34	EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) IgM	EB病毒核抗原 IGM
JL-FA-35	Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Negative Plasma	EB病毒陰性血漿
JL-FA-36	Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) EA IgM	EB病毒早期抗原 IGM
JL-FA-37	Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) VCA IgM	EB病毒殼蛋白 IGM
JL-FA-38	Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) EA IgG	EB病毒早期抗原 IGG
JL-FA-39	EMA (Endomysial Antibodies)	肌內膜
JL-FA-40	Gliadin	麩蛋白,麥醇溶蛋白,麥膠蛋白
JL-FA-41	Gliadin IgG	麥醇溶蛋白 IGG
JL-FA-42	Gliadin IgA	麥醇溶蛋白 IGA
JL-FA-43	Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBMA)	腎小球基底膜病
JL-FA-44	Helicobacter pylori IgA	幽門螺旋桿菌IGA
JL-FA-45	Helicobacter pylori IgG	幽門螺旋桿菌IGG
JL-FA-46	Helicobacter pylori IgM	幽門螺旋桿菌IGM
JL-FA-47	Helicobacter pylori Negative	幽門螺旋桿菌陰性
JL-FA-48	Helicobacter pylori Positive Plasma	幽門螺旋桿菌陰性血漿
JL-FA-49	Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Pos. Plasma	甲型肝炎病毒陽性血漿
JL-FA-50	Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) IgM	甲型肝炎病毒IGM
JL-FA-51	Hepatitis B Core (HBc) IgG	乙型肝炎病毒核心 IGG
JL-FA-52	Hepatitis B Core (HBc) IgM	乙型肝炎病毒核心 IGM
JL-FA-53	Anti Hbe (Antibody to HBV antigen)	乙肝抗體
JL-FA-54	Hepatitis Delta Virus	丁型肝炎病毒
JL-FA-55	HBeAg (HBV e antigen)	乙肝 E抗原
JL-FA-56	anti-HBs (HBV surface antibody)	乙肝表面抗體
JL-FA-57	Hepatitis B (HBsAg) "Chronic"	乙型肝炎（乙肝表面抗原）“慢性病
JL-FA-58	HBsAg (HBV surface antigen) Serum	乙肝表面抗原血清
JL-FA-59	HBsAg (AD)	乙肝表面抗原（AD）
JL-FA-60	HBsAg (AY)	乙肝表面抗原（AY）
JL-FA-61	HBV Positive Plasma	乙肝陽性血漿
JL-FA-62	HBV DNA Plasma	乙肝DNA血漿
JL-FA-63	HBV DNA Serum	乙肝DNA血清
JL-FA-64	HBV DNA type A	A型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-65	HBV DNA type B	B型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-66	HBV DNA type C	C型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-67	HBV DNA type D	D型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-68	HBV DNA type E	E型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-69	HBV DNA type F	F型乙肝DNA
JL-FA-70	HBV Antibody HCV Antibody Plasma CO-INFECTED	乙肝和丙肝聯合感染血漿
JL-FA-71	HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) Antibody	丙型肝炎抗體
JL-FA-72	HCV Core Antigen Positive	丙肝核心抗原陽性
JL-FA-73	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 1	基因1型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-74	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 2	基因2型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-75	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 3	基因3型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-76	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 4	基因4型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-77	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 5	基因5型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-78	HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 6	基因6型丙肝RNA 血漿
JL-FA-79	HCV Riba single band	丙肝免疫印跡單波段
JL-FA-80	HCV RIBA Pos. (multiple bands)	丙肝免疫印跡陽性多波段
JL-FA-81	HCV Negative	丙肝陰性
JL-FA-82	HCV RNA Pos (quantitative)	丙肝RNA陽性（定量）
JL-FA-83	Hepatitis E	戊型肝炎
JL-FA-84	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)1/2 Positive Plasma	單純性皰疹病毒1/2陽性血漿
JL-FA-85	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 Negative Plasma	單純性皰疹病毒1 陰性血漿
JL-FA-86	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 IgG	單純性皰疹病毒1 IGG
JL-FA-87	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV 1) IgM	單純性皰疹病毒1 IGM
JL-FA-88	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 2 IgG	單純性皰疹病毒2 IGG
JL-FA-89	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 2 IgM	單純性皰疹病毒2 IGG
JL-FA-90	Histone	組蛋白
JL-FA-91	Human Anti Mouse Ab (HAMA)	人抗鼠抗體
JL-FA-92	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Neg	HIV I 陰性
JL-FA-93	anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Plasma	抗HIV I 血漿
JL-FA-94	anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Serum	抗HIV I 血清
JL-FA-95	anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Western Blot Tested	抗HIV 2 免疫印跡
JL-FA-96	anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1/2 2 HIV (+)	抗HIV 1/2 2 HIV陽性
JL-FA-97	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Ag	HIV抗原
JL-FA-98	HIV RNA (quantitative) Plasma	HIV RNA 定量血漿
JL-FA-99	HIV RNA (quantitative) Serum	HIV RNA 定量血清
JL-FA-100	HIV1 Subtype A	HIV1 亞型A
JL-FA-101	HIV1 Subtype B	HIV1 亞型B
JL-FA-102	HIV1 Subtype C	HIV1 亞型C
JL-FA-103	HIV1 Subtype D	HIV1 亞型D
JL-FA-104	HIV1 Subtype E	HIV1 亞型E
JL-FA-105	HIV1 Subtype F	HIV1 亞型F
JL-FA-106	HIV1 Subtype G	HIV1 亞型G
JL-FA-107	HIV1 Subtype H	HIV1 亞型H
JL-FA-108	HIV1 Subtype J	HIV1 亞型J
JL-FA-109	HIV1 Subtype K	HIV1 亞型K
JL-FA-110	HIV1 Group O	HIV1 亞型O
JL-FA-111	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Antibody Plasma	HIV 2 抗體血漿
JL-FA-112	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Antibody Serum	HIV 2 抗體血清
JL-FA-113	HPV (Human Papiloma Virus) Negative	人乳狀瘤病毒HPV陰性
JL-FA-114	HPV (Human Papiloma Virus) Positive	人乳狀瘤病毒HPV陽性
JL-FA-115	Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Antibody HCV Antibody Plasma COINFECTED	HIV 抗體 HCV
JL-FA-116	Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) I/II	人嗜T淋巴細胞病毒(HTLV) I/II
JL-FA-117	Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) I	人嗜T淋巴細胞病毒(HTLV) I
JL-FA-118	Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) II	人嗜T淋巴細胞病毒(HTLV) II
JL-FA-119	Jo-1	多發性肌炎抗原JO-1
JL-FA-120	IgE < 5,000 Ku/L	IgE < 5,000 Ku/L
JL-FA-121	Legionella	軍團桿菌屬
JL-FA-122	Leptospira	軍團桿菌屬
JL-FA-123	Lyme Disease	萊姆(氏)病:蜱傳播的全身性疾病,常在夏季發生
JL-FA-124	Lyme IgG	萊姆(氏)病 IGG
JL-FA-125	Lyme IgM	萊姆(氏)病 IGM
JL-FA-126	Lyme Disease Neg	萊姆(氏)病陰性
JL-FA-127	Malaria	瘧疾
JL-FA-128	Mononucleosis (infectious)	單核細胞增多癥（有傳染性的）
JL-FA-129	Mononucleosis Negative	單核細胞增多癥陰性
JL-FA-130	Measles Negative	麻疹陰性
JL-FA-131	Measles IgG	麻疹 IGG
JL-FA-132	Measles IgM	麻疹 IGM
JL-FA-133	Microsomal Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) Positive Plasma Standard Titer (typically 1,000-3,000 IU/mL)	微粒體抗甲狀腺過氧化物酶抗體
JL-FA-134	Microsomal Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) Negative Plasma	微粒體抗甲狀腺過氧化物酶抗體
JL-FA-135	Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)	抗線粒體抗體
JL-FA-136	Multiple Sclerosis	多發性硬化癥
JL-FA-137	Mumps IgG	流行性腮腺炎 IGG
JL-FA-138	Mumps Ab IgM	流行性腮腺炎抗體 IGM
JL-FA-139	Mumps Antibody Negative Plasma	流行性腮腺炎抗體陰性血漿
JL-FA-140	Mumps Antibody Negative Serum	流行性腮腺炎抗體陰性血清
JL-FA-141	Myeloma Plasma	骨髓瘤血漿
JL-FA-142	Myeloma IgA	骨髓瘤IGA
JL-FA-143	Myeloma IgE	骨髓瘤IGE
JL-FA-144	Myeloma IgG	骨髓瘤IGG
JL-FA-145	Myeloma IgM	骨髓瘤IGM
JL-FA-146	Mycoplasma	支原體
JL-FA-147	Mycoplasma Negative	支原體陰性
JL-FA-148	Mycoplasma IgG	支原體IGG
JL-FA-149	Mycoplasma IgM	支原體IGM
JL-FA-150	Mycoplasma PCR	支原體PCR
JL-FA-151	Normal Human Plasma	正常人血漿
JL-FA-152	Normal Human Serum	正常人血清
JL-FA-153	Nuclear Antibody Centromere	核抗體著絲粒
JL-FA-154	Nuclear Antibody, Speckled ANA	核抗體，斑點抗核抗體
JL-FA-155	Nuclear Antibody, Nucleolar ANA	核抗體,核仁抗核抗體
JL-FA-156	Nuclear Antibody, Homogeneous ANA	核抗體，同質抗核抗體
JL-FA-157	Nuclear Antiobody, Speckled. (ANA) Negative	核抗體，斑點。抗核抗體陰性
JL-FA-158	P-ANCA (associated neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)	相關的嗜中性粒細胞胞漿抗體
JL-FA-159	Parietal Cell Antibody (PCA)	胃)壁細胞抗體
JL-FA-160	Parvo positive plasma	細小病毒陽性血漿
JL-FA-161	Parvo IgM	細小病毒 IGM
JL-FA-162	Parvo IgG	細小病毒 IGG
JL-FA-163	Parvo Negative Plasma	細小病毒陰性血漿
JL-FA-164	Parvo DNA positive	細小病毒 DNA 陽性
JL-FA-165	Phospholipid Positive Plasma	磷脂陽性血漿
JL-FA-166	Prothrombin	凝血酶原,凝血因子
JL-FA-167	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) <1000 IU/mL	類風濕因子<1000 IU/mL
JL-FA-168	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 1001-2000 IU/mL	類風濕因子1001-2000 IU/mL
JL-FA-169	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 2001-4000 IU/mL	類風濕因子 2001-4000 IU/mL
JL-FA-170	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 4001-5000 IU/mL	類風濕因子 4001-5000 IU/mL
JL-FA-171	Rheumatoid Factor (RF) >5000 IU/mL	類風濕因子>5000 IU/mL
JL-FA-172	Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) Positive	核糖核蛋白陽性
JL-FA-173	Rubella Chimeric	風疹
JL-FA-174	Rubella Negative	風疹陰性
JL-FA-175	Rubella IgG	風疹IGG
JL-FA-176	Rubella IgM	風疹IGM
JL-FA-177	Rubeola Negative Plasma	風疹陰性血漿
JL-FA-178	Rubeola IgG	風疹IGG
JL-FA-179	Scleroderma (Scl-70) Pos	膠原沉著病,硬皮病,硬皮癥陽性
JL-FA-180	Scleroderma (Scl-70) Negative	硬皮病陰性
JL-FA-181	Sickle Cell Fresh Whole Blood	鐮刀形紅細胞新鮮全血
JL-FA-182	Smith (SM)	抗Smith抗體陽性血清（SLE的特征性抗體）
JL-FA-183	SMITH RNP	抗RNP抗體陽性血清（SLE的特征性抗體）
JL-FA-184	Smooth Muscle (ASMA)	抗平滑肌抗體陽性血清
JL-FA-185	Sjogren syndrome antigen A (SSA) Positive	舍格倫綜合征或干燥綜合征抗原A 陽性
JL-FA-186	Sjogren syndrome antigen B (SSB) Positive	舍格倫綜合征抗原B 陽性
JL-FA-187	Sjogren syndrome antigen B (SSB) Negative	舍格倫綜合征抗原B陰性
JL-FA-188	Streptolysin O Ab (ASO)	鏈球菌溶血素O抗體
JL-FA-189	Syphilis (RPR - Rapid Plasma Reagin) Positive Plasma	梅毒（梅毒-快速血漿反應）陽性血漿
JL-FA-190	Syphilis (RPR - Rapid Plasma Reagin) Negative Plasma	梅毒（梅毒-快速血漿反應）陰性血漿
JL-FA-191	Syphilis/ATA/T. pallidum IgG	梅毒ATA/T，蒼白球IGG
JL-FA-192	Syphilis/ATA/T. pallidum IgM	梅毒ATA/T，蒼白球IGM
JL-FA-193	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Positive	全身性紅斑狼瘡陽性
JL-FA-194	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Negative	全身性紅斑狼瘡陰性
JL-FA-195	TG/TPO Positive (Standard Titer 1,000 - 3000 IU/mL)	甲狀腺球蛋白/甲狀腺過氧化物酶陽性
JL-FA-196	TG/TPO Negative	甲狀腺球蛋白/甲狀腺過氧化物酶陰性
JL-FA-197	TTG (Tissue Transglutaminase)	組織轉谷氨酰胺酶
JL-FA-198	TTG (Tissue Transglutaminase) IgA	組織轉谷氨酰胺酶 IGA
JL-FA-199	ToRCH (Toxo, Rubella, CMV, HSV) Positive	優生優育（弓形蟲，風疹，巨細胞，單胞）陽性
JL-FA-200	ToRCH (Toxo, Rubella, CMV, HSV) Negative	優生優育（弓形蟲，風疹，巨細胞，單胞）陰性
JL-FA-201	Toxoplasmosis (Toxo)	弓形蟲病
JL-FA-202	Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) IgG	弓形蟲病IGG
JL-FA-203	Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) IgM	弓形蟲病IGM
JL-FA-204	Thyroglobulin (TG) Positive Plasma	甲狀腺球蛋白陽性血漿
JL-FA-205	Thyroglobulin (TG) Negative	甲狀腺球蛋白陰性
JL-FA-206	Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Negative	水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒陰性
JL-FA-207	Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) IgG	水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒IGG
JL-FA-208	Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) IgM	水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒IGM
JL-FA-209	West Nile Virus (WNV)	西尼羅河腦炎病毒
JL-FA-210	West Nile Virus (WNV) IgM	西尼羅河腦炎病毒IGM

美國Seracare

老年群體抗原抗體益增多癡呆患者的現象對現行的醫療體系是個巨大的考驗。阿爾茨海默病(AD)、帕金森綜合癥(PD)，以及額顳區癡呆(Frontotemporal dementia)患者的腦部病灶都存有異常的大量不溶蛋白質，會導致神經元的大量丟失。為了減少這些不溶蛋白質造成的長期損傷，凋亡的細胞和聚集的蛋白質必須被有效地降解或清除，這正是被稱為小神經膠質細胞(Microglia)這種特殊的吞噬細胞的作用所在。小神經膠質細胞僅存于中央神經系統，屬于先天性免疫體系的一部分，它就像大腦的衛生檢查員，確保垃圾被及時清除，以免這些垃圾威脅到周邊正常細胞。
該研究發現，TREM2 基因能調節小神經膠質細胞的吞噬效率。正常情況下，TREM2嵌入小神經膠質細胞的外膜，膜以外的功能域能識別死亡細胞留下的碎片。然而，TREM2基因的特定突變會干擾蛋白質合成過程中蛋白鏈的正常折疊，使之在運送到小神經膠質細胞外膜之前就被降解了，導致小神經膠質細胞處理細胞碎片的效率降低，繼而那些有毒的不溶蛋白質以及凋亡的細胞在大腦聚集，并觸發炎癥反應，導致神經元受損。
研究人員表示，這項新發現明確了多種不同腦部疾病的共同機理，并為延緩那些已經表征癡呆癥狀的患者的治療指明了道路。
膜蛋白對于光合作用、視覺等功能至關重要。它們還是細胞的看門人，能決定什么可能會通過細胞膜，也幫助從細胞膜外部輸入養料和將內部垃圾輸出。由于這些多重角色，它們構成了很大一部分的藥物靶點。雖然它們的功能很明確，但是關于它們如何折疊的信息卻遠遠落后于球狀蛋白質。
Wolynes及其同事使用原始的基因組信息，來預測氨基酸鏈將如何通過遵循阻力zui小的途徑(取決于鏈上每個殘基相關的能量)，折疊成為功能蛋白質。一個蛋白質越接近于其功能性“原始”狀態，它就會越穩定。Wolynes的開創性理論生動地將這種能量描繪成一個漏斗。
為了檢測他們的計算機模型，研究人員將它們與X射線晶體學獲得的真實蛋白質結構進行比較。大量的結構對球狀折疊的蛋白質是可用的，這些蛋白漂浮在體內，執行生命*的任務。
但直到zui近幾年，我們已經很難獲得跨膜蛋白的相似結構，因為要提取它們用于成像，同時又不會破壞它們，難度非常的大。zui近有研究人員利用一種去垢劑洗掉目的蛋白上的大多數膜，Wolynes稱：“它在蛋白質周圍留下一個脂肪層，但是卻給出一種涂層，可使整個分子在后來形成晶格。”

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Antibiotics in the elderly population increases the number of patients with dementia on the current medical system is a huge test. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and brain lesions in patients with frontotemporal dementia have abnormally large amounts of insoluble proteins that result in substantial neuronal loss. In order to reduce the long-term damage caused by these insoluble proteins, apoptotic cells and aggregated proteins must be effectively degraded or cleared, which is what is known as the special phagocyte called microglia. Microglia, which reside only in the central nervous system and are part of the innate immune system, acts like a brain health inspector to ensure that rubbish is removed in time to prevent the rubbish from threatening the surrounding normal cells.
The study found that, TREM2 gene can regulate the phagocytic efficiency of microglia. Under normal circumstances, TREM2 embedded in the outer membrane of microglial cells, the membrane outside the domain can identify the debris left by dead cells. However, certain mutations in the TREM2 gene interfere with the normal folding of protein chains during protein synthesis, degrading them before they are delivered to the outer microglia, resulting in a reduction in the efficiency of microglial cells handling cell debris, Then those toxic insoluble proteins and apoptotic cells accumulate in the brain and trigger an inflammatory response, leading to neuronal damage.
The researchers said the new findings pinpoint common causes of many different brain diseases and point the way to delaying the treatment of those who already have symptoms of dementia.
Membrane proteins are essential for photosynthesis, vision and other functions. They are also gatekeepers to cells that determine what may pass through the cell membrane and also help to input nourishment from the exterior of the cell membrane and to export internal junk. Due to these multiple roles, they constitute a large part of the drug target. Although their function is clear, the information about how they fold is far behind globular proteins.
Wolynes and colleagues use the raw genomic information to predict how amino acid chains will fold into functional proteins by following the pathway of least resistance, depending on the energy associated with each residue on the chain. The closer a protein is to its functional "primitive" state, the more stable it will be. Wolynes' pioneering theory vividly portrays this energy as a funnel.
To test their computer models, the researchers compared them to the actual protein structures obtained by X-ray crystallography. Numerous structures are available for globularly folded proteins that float in the body and perform essential tasks of life.
However, it has been very difficult to obtain similar structures of transmembrane proteins in recent years because it is extremely difficult to extract them for imaging without damaging them. Recently, researchers have used a detergent to wash away most of the membrane on the protein of interest, Wolynes said: "It leaves a layer of fat around the protein but gives a coating that allows the entire molecule to form later Lattice. "